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Hi all! I’m working on developing a water monitoring station using a Mayfly board, an Xbee cellular modem (XBC LTE-M/NB-IoT Global), the LTEBee adapter, a solar panel, and a Hydros-21 sensor. I saw that you all had already written some Arduino code for logging to ThingSpeak, so I’m using that. I had some issues getting the modem to connect to the internet and getting the RTC to sync to NIST, but I recently figured that out. Now I’m having issues with MQTT. I saw that @srgdamiano and @shicks had responded to some forum topics that contained LTE code, so I figured I’d put my questions here.
I’ve already setup ThingSpeak and created my topics. When I upload the code, I get a MQTT -4 error (MQTT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT). I realize this means I haven’t gotten a CONNACK from the broker, but I’m unsure how to remedy the situation. I have attached my code, the pertinent part of my serial monitor output, and the configuration for my cellular Xbee (I’m running the Xbee in Transparent mode). Any help is greatly appreciated! I’m thinking my issue might be that I need to change something in the XCTU settings or potentially that I need to change something in the C++ code inside of the ModularSensors library. Thanks!
123456789101112131415161718Setting up sensors...Attempting to connect to the internet and synchronize RTC with NISTThis may take up to two minutes!Clock already within 5 seconds of time.Putting modem to sleepSetting up file on SD cardData will be saved as logger_2021-07-27.csvPutting processor to sleep------------------------------------------\/---- Line Saved to SD Card ----\/2021-07-27 13:40:00,0.0,24.30,-9.8,4.821,-51Sending data to [ 0 ] mqtt.thingspeak.comMQTT connection failed with state: -4: MQTT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345/** =========================================================================* @file logging_to_ThingSpeak.ino* @brief Example logging data and publishing to ThingSpeak.** @author Sara Geleskie Damiano <sdamiano@stroudcenter.org>* @copyright (c) 2017-2020 Stroud Water Research Center (SWRC)* and the EnviroDIY Development Team* This example is published under the BSD-3 license.** Build Environment: Visual Studios Code with PlatformIO* Hardware Platform: EnviroDIY Mayfly Arduino Datalogger** DISCLAIMER:* THIS CODE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" - NO WARRANTY IS GIVEN.* ======================================================================= */// ==========================================================================// Defines for the Arduino IDE// NOTE: These are ONLY needed to compile with the Arduino IDE.// If you use PlatformIO, you should set these build flags in your// platformio.ini// ==========================================================================/** Start [defines] */#ifndef TINY_GSM_RX_BUFFER#define TINY_GSM_RX_BUFFER 64#endif#ifndef TINY_GSM_YIELD_MS#define TINY_GSM_YIELD_MS 2#endif#ifndef MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE#define MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE 240#endif#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_XBEE/** End [defines] */// ==========================================================================// Include the libraries required for any data logger// ==========================================================================/** Start [includes] */// The Arduino library is needed for every Arduino program.#include <Arduino.h>// EnableInterrupt is used by ModularSensors for external and pin change// interrupts and must be explicitly included in the main program.#include <EnableInterrupt.h>// To get all of the base classes for ModularSensors, include LoggerBase.// NOTE: Individual sensor definitions must be included separately.#include <LoggerBase.h>/** End [includes] */// ==========================================================================// Data Logging Options// ==========================================================================/** Start [logging_options] */// The name of this program fileconst char* sketchName = "logging_to_thingspeak.ino";// Logger ID, also becomes the prefix for the name of the data file on SD cardconst char* LoggerID = "logger";// How frequently (in minutes) to log dataconst uint8_t loggingInterval = 1;// Your logger's timezone.const int8_t timeZone = -5; // Eastern Standard Time// NOTE: Daylight savings time will not be applied! Please use standard time!// Set the input and output pins for the logger// NOTE: Use -1 for pins that do not applyconst int32_t serialBaud = 115200; // Baud rate for debuggingconst int8_t greenLED = 8; // Pin for the green LEDconst int8_t redLED = 9; // Pin for the red LEDconst int8_t buttonPin = 21; // Pin for debugging mode (ie, button pin)const int8_t wakePin = A7; // MCU interrupt/alarm pin to wake from sleep// Set the wake pin to -1 if you do not want the main processor to sleep.// In a SAMD system where you are using the built-in rtc, set wakePin to 1const int8_t sdCardPwrPin = -1; // MCU SD card power pinconst int8_t sdCardSSPin = 12; // SD card chip select/slave select pinconst int8_t sensorPowerPin = 22; // MCU pin controlling main sensor power/** End [logging_options] */// ==========================================================================// Wifi/Cellular Modem Options// ==========================================================================/** Start [xbee_cell_transparent] */// For any Digi Cellular XBee's// NOTE: The u-blox based Digi XBee's (3G global and LTE-M global) can be used// in either bypass or transparent mode, each with pros and cons// The Telit based Digi XBees (LTE Cat1) can only use this mode.#include <modems/DigiXBeeCellularTransparent.h>// NOTE: Extra hardware and software serial ports are created in the "Settings// for Additional Serial Ports" sectionHardwareSerial& modemSerial = Serial1; // Use hardware serial if possibleconst int32_t modemBaud = 9600; // All XBee's use 9600 by default// Modem Pins - Describe the physical pin connection of your modem to your board// NOTE: Use -1 for pins that do not apply// The pin numbers here are for a Digi XBee with a Mayfly and LTE adapter// For options https://github.com/EnviroDIY/LTEbee-Adapter/edit/master/README.mdconst int8_t modemVccPin = -1; // MCU pin controlling modem power// Option: modemVccPin = A5, if Mayfly SJ7 is// connected to the ASSOC pinconst int8_t modemStatusPin = 13; // MCU pin used to read modem status// NOTE: If possible, use the <code>STATUS/SLEEP_not</code> (XBee pin 13) for status, but// the CTS pin can also be used if necessaryconst bool useCTSforStatus = false; // Flag to use the CTS pin for statusconst int8_t modemResetPin = 20; // MCU pin connected to modem reset pinconst int8_t modemSleepRqPin = 23; // MCU pin for modem sleep/wake requestconst int8_t modemLEDPin = redLED; // MCU pin connected an LED to show modem// status// Network connection informationconst char* apn = "hologram"; // APN for GPRS connection// Create the modem objectDigiXBeeCellularTransparent modemXBCT(&modemSerial, modemVccPin, modemStatusPin,useCTSforStatus, modemResetPin,modemSleepRqPin, apn);// Create an extra reference to the modem by a generic nameDigiXBeeCellularTransparent modem = modemXBCT;/** End [xbee_cell_transparent] */// ==========================================================================// ==========================================================================// Using the Processor as a Sensor// ==========================================================================/** Start [processor_sensor] */#include <sensors/ProcessorStats.h>// Create the main processor chip "sensor" - for general metadataconst char* mcuBoardVersion = "v0.5b";ProcessorStats mcuBoard(mcuBoardVersion);/** End [processor_sensor] */// ==========================================================================// Maxim DS3231 RTC (Real Time Clock)// ==========================================================================/** Start [ds3231] */#include <sensors/MaximDS3231.h>// Create a DS3231 sensor objectMaximDS3231 ds3231(1);/** End [ds3231] */// ==========================================================================// Meter Hydros 21 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor// ==========================================================================/** Start [decagon_ctd] */#include <sensors/DecagonCTD.h>const char* CTDSDI12address = "1"; // The SDI-12 Address of the CTDconst uint8_t CTDNumberReadings = 6; // The number of readings to averageconst int8_t SDI12Power = sensorPowerPin; // Power pin (-1 if unconnected)const int8_t SDI12Data = 7; // The SDI12 data pin// Create a Decagon CTD sensor objectDecagonCTD ctd(*CTDSDI12address, SDI12Power, SDI12Data, CTDNumberReadings);/** End [decagon_ctd] */// ==========================================================================// Creating the Variable Array[s] and Filling with Variable Objects// ==========================================================================/** Start [variable_arrays] */Variable* variableList[] = {new DecagonCTD_Cond(&ctd, "12345678-abcd-1234-ef00-1234567890ab"),new DecagonCTD_Temp(&ctd, "12345678-abcd-1234-ef00-1234567890ab"),new DecagonCTD_Depth(&ctd, "12345678-abcd-1234-ef00-1234567890ab"),new ProcessorStats_Battery(&mcuBoard,"12345678-abcd-1234-ef00-1234567890ab"),new Modem_RSSI(&modem, "12345678-abcd-1234-ef00-1234567890ab")};// Count up the number of pointers in the arrayint variableCount = sizeof(variableList) / sizeof(variableList[0]);// Create the VariableArray objectVariableArray varArray;/** End [variable_arrays] */// ==========================================================================// The Logger Object[s]// ==========================================================================/** Start [loggers] */// Create a logger instanceLogger dataLogger;/** End [loggers] */// ==========================================================================// Creating Data Publisher[s]// ==========================================================================// Create a channel with fields on ThingSpeak in advance// The fields will be sent in exactly the order they are in the variable array.// Any custom name or identifier given to the field on ThingSpeak is irrelevant.// No more than 8 fields of data can go to any one channel. Any fields beyond// the eighth in the array will be ignored.const char* thingSpeakMQTTKey ="custom_key_here"; // Your MQTT API Key from Account > MyProfile.const char* thingSpeakChannelID ="custom_id_here"; // The numeric channel id for your channelconst char* thingSpeakChannelKey ="custom_write_key_here"; // The Write API Key for your channel// Create a data publisher for ThingSpeak#include <publishers/ThingSpeakPublisher.h>ThingSpeakPublisher TsMqtt;/** End [loggers] */// ==========================================================================// Working Functions// ==========================================================================/** Start [working_functions] */// Flashes the LED's on the primary boardvoid greenredflash(uint8_t numFlash = 4, uint8_t rate = 75) {for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numFlash; i++) {digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);delay(rate);digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);delay(rate);}digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);}// Reads the battery voltage// NOTE: This will actually return the battery level from the previous update!float getBatteryVoltage() {if (mcuBoard.sensorValues[0] == -9999) mcuBoard.update();return mcuBoard.sensorValues[0];}/** End [working_functions] */// ==========================================================================// Arduino Setup Function// ==========================================================================/** Start [setup] */void setup() {// Start the primary serial connectionSerial.begin(serialBaud);// Print a start-up note to the first serial portSerial.print(F("Now running "));Serial.print(sketchName);Serial.print(F(" on Logger "));Serial.println(LoggerID);Serial.println();Serial.print(F("Using ModularSensors Library version "));Serial.println(MODULAR_SENSORS_VERSION);Serial.print(F("TinyGSM Library version "));Serial.println(TINYGSM_VERSION);Serial.println();// Start the serial connection with the modemmodemSerial.begin(modemBaud);// Set up pins for the LED'spinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);// Blink the LEDs to show the board is on and starting upgreenredflash();// Set the timezones for the logger/data and the RTC// Logging in the given time zoneLogger::setLoggerTimeZone(timeZone);// It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED that you set the RTC to be in UTC (UTC+0)Logger::setRTCTimeZone(0);// Attach the modem and information pins to the loggerdataLogger.attachModem(modem);modem.setModemLED(modemLEDPin);dataLogger.setLoggerPins(wakePin, sdCardSSPin, sdCardPwrPin, buttonPin,greenLED);// Begin the variable array[s], logger[s], and publisher[s]varArray.begin(variableCount, variableList);dataLogger.begin(LoggerID, loggingInterval, &varArray);TsMqtt.begin(dataLogger, &modem.gsmClient, thingSpeakMQTTKey,thingSpeakChannelID, thingSpeakChannelKey);// Note: Please change these battery voltages to match your battery// Set up the sensors, except at lowest battery levelif (getBatteryVoltage() > 3.4) {Serial.println(F("Setting up sensors..."));varArray.setupSensors();}// Sync the clock if it isn't valid or we have battery to spareif (getBatteryVoltage() > 3.55 || !dataLogger.isRTCSane()) {// Synchronize the RTC with NIST// This will also set up the modemdataLogger.syncRTC();}// Create the log file, adding the default header to it// Do this last so we have the best chance of getting the time correct and// all sensor names correct// Writing to the SD card can be power intensive, so if we're skipping// the sensor setup we'll skip this too.if (getBatteryVoltage() > 3.4) {Serial.println(F("Setting up file on SD card"));dataLogger.turnOnSDcard(true); // true = wait for card to settle after power updataLogger.createLogFile(true); // true = write a new headerdataLogger.turnOffSDcard(true); // true = wait for internal housekeeping after write}// Call the processor sleepSerial.println(F("Putting processor to sleep"));dataLogger.systemSleep();}/** End [setup] */// ==========================================================================// Arduino Loop Function// ==========================================================================/** Start [loop] */// Use this short loop for simple data logging and sendingvoid loop() {// Note: Please change these battery voltages to match your battery// At very low battery, just go back to sleepif (getBatteryVoltage() < 3.4) {dataLogger.systemSleep();}// At moderate voltage, log data but don't send it over the modemelse if (getBatteryVoltage() < 3.55) {dataLogger.logData();}// If the battery is good, send the data to the worldelse {dataLogger.logDataAndPublish();}}/** End [loop] */
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